A NEW Foreign Office warning has been issued over travellers returning to the UK and Europe carrying a "rapidly spreading" disease.
Cases of the rare but devastating invasive meningococcal disease have been spotted in Brits returning from Saudi Aradia.
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The Foreign Office-supported website Travel Health Pro revealed that 14 cases of the sometimes fatal infection have been identified in people coming back from the region.
The quick-to-progress disease was also spotted in travellers returning to Europe and the US from Saudi Arabia, as well as people who'd been in contact with travellers.
The disease often progresses rapidly has an eight to 15 per cent fatality rate - meaning it can kill around in 10 people it infects.
Caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis, invasive meningococcal disease can trigger meningitis - an infection of the protective lining around the brain and spine - and septicaemia, also known as blood poisoning.
Read more on travel warnings
N. meningitidis often lurks in the back of the throat without making people ill, but the bacterium can occasionally invade the body and cause a severe bacterial infection.
Meningococcal meningitis and septicaemia need urgent treatment with antibiotics and rapid admission to hospital so they don't become life-threatening.
As of June 21, four cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) have been reported in France, three in the United Kingdom, five in the United States, one in Norway and one the Netherlands, all among travellers or contacts of travellers returning from pilgrimages in Saudi Arabia.
Approximately three million Muslims from around the world tend to gather in Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage each year.
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All adult, able-bodied Muslims are required to undertake Hajj at least once in their lifetime if they can afford to do so.
This year, the pilgrimage took place between June 14 and 19.
Umrah is a shorter, non-compulsory pilgrimage for Muslims, which is performed as part of the Hajj ritual, but can also be undertaken independently at any time.
Due to the large crowds, mass gatherings such as Hajj and Umrah present unique health risks.
Aside from the threat of spreading diseases, pilgrims are also vulnerable to the searing heat of the region.
During this year's Haij - which was attended by around 1.8million pilgrims - it was reported that at least 1,300 had died due to extreme heat.
Healthauthorities in Saudi Arabia this year issued a list of requirements for 2024 Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, which included getting the quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (ACYW) polysaccharide vaccine at least 10 days prior to arrival or having had the jab in the last three years.
To combat the threat of risk of respiratory diseases and mosquito borne illnesses, health officials also asked travellers to:
- Wear facemasks when in crowded places
- Wash hands frequently, with soap and water or a disinfectant, especially after coughing, sneezing, using
toilets, before handling and consuming food, and after touching animals - Use disposable tissues when coughing or sneezing and dispose of used tissues in wastebaskets
- Avoid contact with those who appear ill and avoid sharing personal belongings
- Avoid contact with camels in farms, markets, or barns
- Avoid drinking unpasteurised milk or eating raw meat or animal products that have not been thoroughly
cooked, as well as applying measures to avoid insect bites during the day and night
In its most recent Communicable Disease Threats Report, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) said the risk of people in EU getting sick from the imported cases of meningococcal disease was slim, due to "very low probability of exposure and potential infection".
Know the signs of meningitis and septicaemia
Meningitis is inflammation of the lining around the brain and spinal cord – the meninges.
Septicaemia is blood poisoning caused by the same germs as meningitis and is life-threatening. It can occur with or without meningitis.
Both meningitis and septicaemia can kill in hours, so it is critical to know the symptoms so you can act fast.
Symptoms can appear in any order and not all of them show. For example, the meningitis rash does not always appear.
It can be hard to tell meningitis/septicaemia apart from other common bugs.
The symptoms marked with a * indicate those that are more specific to meningitis/septicaemia and are rarer with common bugs.
Symptoms of both septicaemia and meningitis
- Fever and/or vomiting
- Very sleepy, vacant or difficult to wake
- Confused/delirious*
- A rash, which can be anywhere on the body*
Additional symptoms of meningitis
- Severe headache
- Seizures
- Dislike of bright lights
- Stiff neck*
Additional symptoms of septicaemia
- Breathing fast/breathlessness
- Pale or mottled skin
- Limb/muscle/joint pain, which may come with stomach pain or diarrhoea *
- Cold hands, feet or shivering*
Source: Meningitis Research Foundation
It added: "The probability of infection to the EU/EEA citizens with communicable diseases during the 2024 Hajj is considered to be low, due to the vaccination requirements for travelling to Mecca and Medina and the preparedness plans by Saudi Arabia that address the management of health hazards before, during, and after Hajj.
"The risk of infection is considered to be moderate for people with underlying conditions, the elderly, and pregnant women, with a moderate probability of infection and moderate impact.
"As with other mass gathering events, the risk of communicable disease outbreaks is highest for respiratory, food-, waterborne, and vector-borne diseases."
However, in it's previous report, the ECDC did note the a person in the Netherlands had picked up the sometimes deadly disease without having travelled to Saudi Arabia.
Though they hadn't gone there themselves, the patient fell ill with IMD after coming into "close contact" with people who'd returned from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on May 8.
"The case itself did not join on thetravellersand it is not possible to rule out other potential exposures," the ECDC stated.
The person began experiencing symptoms of IMD serogroup W on May 16 and wasn't vaccinated against the disease.
What are meningitis and septicaemia?
Meningitis and septicaemia are both serious, life-threatening illnesses that require prompt medical treatment, as they can kill within hours, according to the Meningitis Research Foundation.
Meningitis is the swelling of the meninges, which is the lining around the brain and spinal cord, caused mainly by germs entering the body, while septicaemia is blood poisoning caused by the same germs that can cause meningitis.
The illnesses can affect people of any age, though young children and people with lowered immune systems are at higher risk of getting them.
The best way to protect yourself from meningitis and septicaemia is through vaccine, which can protect you from common causes of the illnesses.
Jabs available in the UK that offer protection against meningococcal bacteria are:
- Men ACWY: offered to teenagers between 13-15
- Men B: offered to babies at eight and 16 weeks with a booster aged one
- Men C: offered to children aged 12-13 months (as a combined MenC/Hib vaccine) with a booster dose (with the MenC containing vaccine, Men ACWY) for teenagers at 14
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But there are still some causes of meningitis and septicaemia which are not vaccine preventable and some vaccines are not routinely provided in some parts of the world.
Being able to recognise the symptomsof meningitis and septicaemia is vital because early recognition and treatment provide the best chance of a good recovery.
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